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Clinical Predictors of Outcome Following Proximal Hamstring Tendon Repair

Clinical Predictors of Outcome Following Proximal Hamstring Tendon Repair

Heath Patrick Gould, MD, UNITED STATES William Rate, MS, MD, UNITED STATES Matthew Civilette, MD, UNITED STATES John Hamilton, MD, UNITED STATES James Dreese, MD, UNITED STATES

MedStar Orthopaedic Institute (Union Memorial Hospital), Baltimore, Maryland, UNITED STATES


2021 Congress   ePoster Presentation     Not yet rated

 

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Sports Medicine

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Summary: Following open proximal hamstring repair, African-American race as well as some specific comorbidities (diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and mood disorder) were predictive of poor postoperative outcomes, whereas lower BMI and higher pre-injury activity level predicted better outcomes postoperatively.


Introduction

Surgical repair of proximal hamstring tendon ruptures has been shown in multiple clinical outcome studies to be superior to nonoperative management. Improved functional scores and ability to return to sport postoperatively have been reported. However, few prior studies have investigated the preoperative clinical factors that may be predictive of postoperative outcome following proximal hamstring tendon repair.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients who underwent open repair of the proximal hamstring performed by the senior author between August 2013 and June 2019. Three patient-reported outcome instruments were collected prospectively: Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Marx Activity Scale (Marx), and the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). These surveys were initially administered preoperatively, then collected again at least one year following surgery.

Results

45 patients were eligible for inclusion (27 females, mean age: 51.1 ± 8.9 years, mean BMI: 27.3 ± 5.1). Average length of postoperative follow-up was 3.2 ± 1.7 years. Open proximal hamstring repair was associated with a statistically significant improvement in LEFS (p < 0.0001), Marx (p < 0.01), and SF-12 Physical Component scores (p < 0.0001). 63.0% of patients successfully returned to their pre-injury activity level (or higher), while 37.0% failed to return to the same level of activity after undergoing operative intervention. 51.8% of patients achieved the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) in Marx scores and 88.5% of patients achieved the MCID in SF-12 Physical Component scores.

African-American race, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease were significant predictors of poor postoperative outcome in LEFS (p = 0.028, p < 0.001, p < 0.001) and SF-12 Physical Component (p = 0.010, p < 0.001, p < 0.001) scores. A prior diagnosis of mood disorder also predicted poor outcomes in LEFS (p = 0.005) and Marx (p = 0.026) scores. In contrast, higher pre-injury activity level predicted better postoperative outcomes in LEFS (p = 0.026) and Marx (p < 0.001) scores, while lower BMI predicted better outcomes in Marx (p = 0.006) and SF-12 Mental Component (p = 0.006) scores. Interestingly, undergoing an injection (e.g. corticosteroid, platelet rich plasma) before proceeding to surgical intervention was a significant predictor of poor postoperative outcome in the SF-12 Mental Component score (p = 0.035).

The overall complication rate was 26.7%, with 11 patients undergoing a minor complication and 1 patient undergoing a major complication. 7 patients reported postoperative numbness in the posterior thigh and 5 patients experienced a wound healing problem, 1 of whom required reoperation for a surgical site infection on postoperative day 64. No proximal hamstring re-ruptures were observed during the study period. Complete hamstring avulsions had a higher risk of postoperative complication compared to partial hamstring tears (p = 0.023). Less time between the date of injury and the surgical procedure was also independently associated with a higher risk of postoperative complication (p = 0.044).

Conclusions

African-American race as well as some specific comorbidities (diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and mood disorder) were predictive of poor postoperative outcomes, whereas lower BMI and higher pre-injury activity level predicted better outcomes postoperatively. Complete hamstring avulsions had a higher overall complication rate than partial tears, and operating on proximal hamstring ruptures more acutely (i.e. closer to the date of injury) was also associated with a higher risk of postoperative complication.


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