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Which Classification of Proximal Humerus Fractures Leads to Postoperative Avascular Necrosis of the Humeral Head?


Takeshi Kawakami, MD, PhD
JAPAN

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Which Classification of Proximal Humerus Fractures Leads to Postoperative Avascular Necrosis of the Humeral Head?

Takeshi Kawakami, MD, PhD, JAPAN Teruhisa Mihata, MD, PhD, JAPAN Akihiko Hasegawa, MD, PhD, JAPAN

Towaki Hospital, Takatsuki, Oaka, JAPAN

2017 Congress   Paper Abstract   2017 Congress   rating (1)

 

Anatomic Location

Shoulder

Diagnosis / Condition

Trauma

Diagnosis Method

X-ray

Summary: The purpose of this study was to determine which classification of proximal humerus fractures leads to postoperative avascular necrosis of the humeral head. The 3-part and head-split fracture in Neer classification, C2-2, C3-2, C3-3 in AO classification, and Type1B, Type3, Type4 in Yamane classification had high rate of postoperative avascular necrosis of the humeral head.

Background

The purpose of this study was to determine which classification of proximal humerus fractures leads to postoperative avascular necrosis of the humeral head.

Methods

Between January 2008 and June 2015, 76 patients with proximal humeral fractures underwent open reduction and internal fixation. There were 24 males, 52 females. Mean age was 66.9 years old (21-93 years old) and average follow-up was 17.9 months (5-42 months). Fracture types in all patients were evaluated using Neer classification, AO classification, and Yamane classification. The number of postoperative avascular necrosis was recorded in each fracture type.

Results

Seven patients (9.2%) had avascular necrosis of the humeral head after surgery. In Neer classification, 3 of 3-part fracture (11%), 1 of 4-part fracture (17%), 3 of 3-part dislocated fracture (60%), and head-split fracture (100%) had postoperative avascular necrosis. In AO classification, 1 of B2-2 (17%), 1 of C1-1 (33%), 2 of C2-2 (67%), 2 of C3-2 (67%) and 1 of C3-3 (100%) suffered postoperative avascular necrosis. In Yamane classification, 4 of Type1B (80%), 2 of Type3 (100%) and 1 of Type4 (100%) resulted in AN.

Discussion

The 3-part and head-split fracture in Neer classification, C2-2, C3-2, C3-3 in AO classification, and Type1B, Type3, Type4 in Yamane classification had high rate of postoperative avascular necrosis of the humeral head. Preoperative evaluation of fracture types using some classifications is useful to predict the risk of postoperative avascular necrosis.