2017 ISAKOS Biennial Congress ePoster #2404
Risk Factors for Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit Among Adolescent Athletes Participating in Overhead-Throw Sports
Kentaro Ohuchi, MD, PhD, Yokote JAPAN
Hiroaki Kijima, MD, PhD, Akita JAPAN
ヒデトモ サイトウ, MD, PhD, 秋田市, 秋田県 JAPAN
Takayuki Yoshikawa, MD, PhD, Akita JAPAN
Yusuke Sugimura, MD, Akita JAPAN
Kimio Saito, MD, Akita, Akita JAPAN
Chie Sato, MD, PhD, Odate, Akita JAPAN
Masashi Fujii, MD, PhD, Akita JAPAN
Naohisa Miyakoshi, MD, PhD, Akita JAPAN
Yoichi Shimada, MD, PhD, Prof., Akita, Akita JAPAN
Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Akita, JAPAN
FDA Status Not Applicable
Summary
The sole risk factor of GIRD was participating in any sport that requires overhead throws.
Abstract
Background
Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) occurs in baseball players due to repetitive pitching, which suggests that GIRD is related to injuries of the shoulder and elbow. However, few reports have address associations between GIRD and sports other than baseball. Here, we investigated risk factors for GIRD in athletes involved in sports that require overhead throws (OTS) and sports that do not.
Methods
We investigated 214 junior high school athletes who had undergone medical checks between 2013 and 2016. Seventy-five athletes playing sports requiring repeated overhead movements were classified into an OTS group (tennis, n = 39; handball, n = 18; badminton, n = 12; softball, n = 6). Eighty athletes participating in sports requiring the use of the upper limbs but not overhead throws were classified into a non-OTS group (kendo, n = 31; fencing, n = 20; basketball, n =19; table tennis, n = 10), and 59 who participated in other sports were classified into a Control group (judo, n = 22; wrestling, n =15, soccer, n = 13; rugby, n = 9). We compared the range of shoulder motion as internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER) and total range (TR) of shoulder motion, background factors (age, duration of sport participation, and increases in height over one year), general laxity, and flexibility of the lower half of body as hip range of motion, heel-buttock distance and straight leg raise angle among the groups.
Results
Among all athletes, 16% were classified as having GIRD (IR deficit > 15°; OTS, non-OTS and Control, 27% 10% and 10%, respectively. Significantly more athletes had GIRD in the OTS group than in the other groups (p = 0.007). The IR deficit was significantly worse in the OTS, than in the non-OTS or Control groups (9.1 vs. 3.4° [p = 0.006] and 3.7° [p = 0.02], respectively). Background factors, general laxity and lower body flexibility did not significantly differ among the groups.
Conclusion
Physical features and background factors did not significantly differ between athletes with and without GIRD. The sole risk factor of GIRD was participating in any sport that requires overhead throws. Thus, not only baseball players but also other athletes who participate in sports requiring overhead throws should receive correct information to prevent GIRD or early intervention if they develop GIRD.