The ISAKOS Classification of Meniscal Tears

Allen F. Anderson MD

Introduction
The methodologic standards for publication in the orthopaedic literature have become increasing more rigorous.  Large sample sizes, now used to adequately power statistical analysis, have necessitated pooling of resources between the investigators who practice at different institutions, and even in different countries.  Consistency of arthroscopic evaluation and documentation of meniscal tears between surgeons is essential to valid assessment of treatment for meniscal tears. Poor agreement between surgeons on meniscal tear grading may invalidate the findings of even the most rigorously conducted clinical trial.

 Click here to read the entire Current Concept

The Use of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Orthopaedics:  Is There Potential?

Kivanc Israel Atesok MD, MSc
Orthopaedic Surgeon, PhD Candidate
St. Michael's Hospital, Division of Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Research Lab

kivanc.atesok@utoronto.ca 

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are defined as bone-marrow derived precursor cells that can differentiate into endothelial cells and participate in the establishment of neovasculature. Bone marrow is the primary source of endothelial progenitors. However, they can be mobilized to the peripheral circulation and may seed remote organs. EPCs have been shown to express various endothelial surface markers such as CD34, VEGFR2, and CD133, and to home to sites of ischemia. EPCs major role in new vessel formation and their ability to proliferate and differentiate in vitro into endothelial cells present them as an ideal therapeutic alternative for ex vivo expansion and transplantation into ischemic areas.

Click here to read the entire Current Concept